The right photo is view of nearly 10,000 galaxies is called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The snapshot includes galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes, and colours. The smallest, reddest galaxies, about 100, may be among the most distant known, existing when the universe was just 800 million years old. The nearest galaxies - the larger, brighter, well-defined spirals and ellipticals - thrived about 1 billion years ago, when the cosmos was 13 billion years old. The image required 800 exposures taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. The total amount of exposure time was 11.3 days, taken between Sept. 24, 2003 and Jan. 16, 2004. (Credit: NASA, ESA, and S. Beckwith (STScI) and the HUDF Team.) The left picture is concepts of universe in various humanity minds on this planet earth.   COMPLETE RETHINKING OF THE ORIGIN OF UNIVERSE WE LIVE IN ......Our cosmos is a leftover from a previous manifestation of existence..... Bouncing back. This computer representation shows the contraction of a previous universe (downward curve) resulting in the creation and expansion of the current universe. (Credit: Martin Bojowald/Pennsylvania State University) Amazing new facts of origin of our universe which tends to turn the current science on its head: A cosmologist has created a mathematical model that he says shows space-time, contrary to common wisdom, did not begin with the Big Bang. Instead, the model suggests a universe pretty much like the one we live in today existed before the event, except it was contracting instead of expanding. If ever proven, the idea could force a complete rethinking of the origins of the cosmos and perhaps even open a doorway to an endless future.   "Everyone's calculations show the universe started from a singularity, but no one believes it."   The cosmos is a leftover from a previous manifestation of existence.   The current universe actually received a kick–start from the dying epoch of a previous, contracting universe.   At extremes of temperature and pressure, gravity becomes repulsive instead of attractive.   Most cosmologists have come to think that quantum mechanics--something unknown during Einstein's time--could hold the key to this conundrum.  According to quantum mechanics, random activity on an extremely tiny scale can affect the outcome of events vast distances away and involving gigantic masses.   PVAF is publishing today's current science news story as concurrent to the vEDik knowledge sharing from vEDik scholars who share their learning  from vED = SCIENCES OF LIFE AND CREATION to empower the entire humanity to have a HAPPIER TOMORROW THAN TODAY with knowledge which is the only power which can mitigate if not eliminate DuKH (pain and suffering) and create suKH (joy and pleasure) in the sNsaar  (worldly existence) we are continuously traveling eternally from life time to life time of diverse names and forms...... vED knowledge is left for the current humanity in sNskRUt language in various vEDik texts such as:  4-vED, 6-vEDNg which are ancillary to 4-vED and are vital for understanding 4-vED; 108 upniSHD of which 18 are prime - upniSHd explains in detail who the Creator bRH`m is out of whom everything manifests in infinite diversity of infinite forms and names of animate and supposedly inanimate creations and cyclically de-manifests into the same Creator bRH`m;  108 puraaANo of which 18 are mHaa-puraaAN meaning main puraaAN- these puraaANo explains all the sciences time, place and purpose of creation, its sustenance and its cyclic re-creation by Creator bRH`m with his infinite shk`tio (powers) humans have been calling as DEvtaao (gods and goddesses and current science calls them powers of nature) including describing in great detail past creations, current creations and future creations to come; shaaS`TR which are detailed sciences and scientific methodology based on which all creations are to co-exist supporting each other with a symbiotic relationship and includes knowledge of social sciences, economics, politics, governance, engineering and architecture, medicine, agriculture, procreation with recreation...etc which is required in day to day living by all creations including animate and supposedly inanimate creations; itihaas which are basically histories of creations that have taken place and includes causes and purposes of past creations and the sciences of their creation and sustenance - examples: raamaayAN, mHaabhaart; and ancillary knowledge that sustains and perpetuates life and all creations on a macro and micro time-space scales in a universe ranging from a bRH`maa's day and night time of 4.32 billion years each in a bRH`maa's year of 360 days and night each of 4.32 billion year to bRH`maa's life span of such 100 years....and all of this bRH`maa's life is created as a repeat of his previous life with 25 changes in everything....and the micro time-space  scale of an atom with its electrons revolving in nano-second orbits (which could change) around the atom's nucleus containing microscopic matter within microscopic matter of unknown properties and powers......    Today's article has knowledge which is tending to the knowledge of vED which describes creations of out previous creations, of singularity manifesting into diversity of existence, of forces changing its nature from gravity becoming repulsive from what we know as attractive..... This entire story with the sharing of vED knowledge in the right hand column has been contributed for publishing by Shrii Champaklal Mistry with his life knowledge acquired from his engineering degree, professional engineering practice in Africa and Canada and study of vED to answer his self-question "WHO AM I?; WHERE AM I? WHY AND WHAT AM I DOING WHERE I AM?.......PVAF expresses eternal gratitude to Shrii Champaklal... Please keep on reading the entire today's story by clicking on the next line ......

Time Before Time ScienceNOW Daily News: 5 July 2007: By Phil Berardelli A cosmologist has created a mathematical model that he says shows space-time, contrary to common wisdom, did not begin with the Big Bang. Instead, the model suggests a universe pretty much like the one we live in today existed before the event, except it was contracting instead of expanding. If ever proven, the idea could force a complete rethinking of the origins of the cosmos and perhaps even open a doorway to an endless future. The Big Bang--the sudden and extremely rapid expansion of space-time that began 13.7 billion years ago--is generally accepted among scientists as the beginning of the universe. However, they have long puzzled over a paradox that the event caused in the mathematical calculations of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. At the moment of the Big Bang, everything was thought to be crammed into a singularity--a space with no dimensions--that also contained infinite density. Einstein couldn't explain how such a state could give rise to a universe of finite density and possibly finite dimensions. Theoretical physicist Sean Carroll of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena put it more succinctly: "Everyone's calculations show the universe started from a singularity," he says, "but no one believes it." Most cosmologists have come to think that quantum mechanics--something unknown during Einstein's time--could hold the key to this conundrum. According to quantum mechanics, random activity on an extremely tiny scale can affect the outcome of events vast distances away and involving gigantic masses.   For example, adherents of this theory believe that the current universe turned out so lumpy--with clusters of galaxies in some areas and nearly empty space in others--because of quantum fluctuations at the moment of the Big Bang.But so far quantum mechanics has not been able to explain where the universe came from in the first place. Although most cosmologists think it sprang forth from nothingness along with the forces of nature, theoretical physicist Martin Bojowald of Pennsylvania State University in University Park thinks his mathematical model points to something even stranger: The cosmos is a leftover from a previous manifestation of existence. Bojowald's model is based on a new and developing line of theoretical reasoning called Loop Quantum Gravity, which attempts to reconcile Einstein's theory with quantum mechanics. As Bojowald reported online in the 1 July Nature Physics, the model shows that at the moment of the Big Bang, the current universe had a minimum volume that was not zero and carried a huge but finite amount of energy. Furthermore, the calculations strongly suggest that the current universe actually received a kick–start from the dying epoch of a previous, contracting universe. They do so by showing that the previous universe could not have compacted itself into a singularity, as general relativity predicts, because at extremes of temperature and pressure, gravity becomes repulsive instead of attractive. As a result, gravitational energy grew so large as the previous universe contracted that it created a "Big Bounce," as Bojowald calls it, which ignited the current expansion.  With some luck, he says, it might be possible to find clues about what the previous universe was like from more detailed observations and models of quantum mechanics. Far-fetched or not, Carroll thinks Bojowald's model represents a "good thing to be doing," because somehow cosmologists are going to have to resolve the singularity dilemma, and although his conclusions might not provide the correct answer, it's "not premature to be asking the questions."

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