BRAIN THE LEAST KNOWN HUMAN ORGAN BUT MOST VITAL ORGAN .....AS PER "BRAIN DEAD" CLICHE IN ALL CULTURES...  .......INDIA'S SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DISCOVERED POWER OF sNskRUt LANGUAGE AND ITS DEvnaagri SCRIPT .....IN ACTIVATING AND USING MORE BRAIN AREAS THAN ENLGISH LANGUAGE AND ITS SCRIPT.... ......This discovery means the sNskRUt language defined in sciences of life and creation called vED as the language of Gods has a much extended function beyond communication by speech !!!!! .....  Scientists at the Manesar-based National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) in Haryana, India  have for the first time studied the processing of an Indian script-Devanagari-in the human brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with following brainpower and brain functioning use revelations says  Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh, who led the multi-disciplinary team of researchers:       1.    Reading phrases in Devanagari script originating from sNskRUt language empowers brain for bilateral activation-participation from both left and right hemispheres....       2.   This medical discovery of brain has potential for practical applications in treating brain disorders such as dyslexia but also to improve brain usage and brain power...   Please click on the next line to read this amazing medical discovery in India and its potential for humans to understand and use brain...without which nothing in the human body functions as per Creator's design.....plus -    also learn academic and scientific research prowess of Dr. Nandini Singh in emerging       field of knowing all about brain where very little is known.... -   learn how the brain reads what you read..... -   together with a comprehensive information overview on brain itself.......

......AND NOW TODAY'S NEWS/KNOWELDGE SHARING ABOUT HUMAN BRAIN'S MYSTERY REVELATON ABOUT LANGUAGE READING... ......PLEASE KINDLY SHARE THIS LIFE NEWS/KNOWLEDGE SHARING WITH YOUR FELLOW HUMANITY TO MAKE EVERYONE'S TOMMOROW HAPPIER THAN TODAY   SIMPLY BECAUSE EVERYONE HAS MORE LIFE KNOWEDGE AFTER READING THIS... compared to English language script  reading languages with script derived from sanskrut language script demands brain to use MORE BRAIN AREAS INCLUDING bilateral activation-participation  from both left and right hemispheres of brain (From Today India.in: November 4, 2009: Dinesh C. Sharma, New Delhi, India)   Learning Hindi has an advantage over English-it exercises more areas of the brain compared to the Queen's language. /> In a first-of-its-kind study in the country, scientists have discovered that reading Hindi involves more areas of human brain than English. SScientists at the Manesar-based National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) have for the first time studied the processing of an Indian script-Devanagari-in the human brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). In Devanagari, consonants are written in a linear left-to-right order and vowel signs are positioned above, below or on either side of the consonants. As a result, the vowel precedes the consonant in writing certain words but follows it in speech making it a unique script. "Our results suggest bilateral activation-participation from both left and right hemispheres of the brain-for reading phrases in Devanagari," said Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh, who led the multi-disciplinary team of researchers. The human brain does not have dedicated neurological circuits specifically meant for reading. Therefore, reading involves restructuring of the existing neural architecture or activation of certain areas of the brain depending on the script one is reading. English, which uses the Roman script, is alphabetic. That is, it has vowels and consonants that are written linearly from left to right. Reading English-and other alphabetic languages-involves activation of areas in the left hemisphere of the brain. In contrast, Devanagari has the properties of both alphabetic and syllabic scripts. Scientists have found reading the language involves activation of the left and right hemisphere. The result of the study has recently appeared in journal Current Science. Researchers used the fMRI technique to record images of a working brain while reading Hindi. The study was conducted with individuals who primarily read Devanagari. "While it is difficult to find in India a population that reads only Hindi and no English, we could manage to find individuals who primarily read Hindi and have been doing so for the last 20 years," Dr. Singh said. In India, she said, children usually learn to read two scripts (often English and a regional language) almost simultaneously in school. Dr. Singh added: 1.    "If this is the best way to teach our children still remains to be determined. 2.     What the implications of this are for dyslexia is also something we are investigating. 3.     The practical implications of our studies will hopefully emerge in the next few years..." AND NOW LEARN ABOUT DR. NANDINI CHATTERJEE SINGH TO UNDERSTAND WHY SHE IS THE LEADER OF THE RESEARCH TEAM MAKING TODAY'S NEWS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH FIELD... AUTOBIGRAPHY OF NANDINI CHATTERJEE SINGH I was trained as a physicist in non-linear dynamics and chaos from the University of Pune. I worked on some aspects of experimental chaos at Ohio University . I then moved to on to computational neuroscience at the University of California at Berkeley, where I worked as a post doctoral fellow with Frederic Theunissen. We set up Spectro-Temporal Receptive Fields (STRF’s) for auditory neurons and studied the auditory processing of natural sounds in zebra finches. I returned to India in the fall of 2002 and joined NBRC where I am pursuing research in the following areas of:        -   Language and central auditory processing        -   Language and learning disabilities        -   Structure and representation of sound        -   Language and its disorders in children Language is a code that we learn to use in order to communicate ideas and express our wants and needs. Reading, writing, speaking, and some gesture systems are all forms of language. Speech is the spoken form of language. In daily life, language manifests itself more often through vocal symbols. In this sense, language consists of sounds. IIn collaboration with Dr. Frederic Theunissen who is at UC, Berkeley, I have developed a computational method to analyse the phonological structure of sound in terms of its temporal and spectral structure called the modulation spectrum. One of the aims of my research is to study the phonological structure of different Indian languages and characterize their similarities and differences. This is accomplished by setting up the modulation spectrum of different languages is in terms of temporal and spectral modulations and comparing them. Most children develop language relatively effortlessly, but some others have unusual difficulty in mastering this skill. Often there is no obvious explanation for a child’s language difficulties:       -   hearing is normal,       -   nonverbal ability is sufficient,       -   the child does not have any apparent physical or psychiatric disability            and comes from a normal home background. This is known as specific language impairment, or SLI. The source of this problem has been poorly understood and standard speech therapy techniques used to treat the disorder have proved unsatisfactory. One popular theory maintains that, although children with SLI have normal hearing, they may have difficulty in distinguishing sounds that are brief or rapid. Since the modulation spectrum is a representation of sound in terms of temporal and spectral modulations, one would expect that a modulation spectrum of the speech sounds of children with SLI would reflect the modulations missing in their speech versus the speech of normal children. I am also using this approach to also test the hypothesis that children with LLI (Language Learning Impairment) often require longer time periods between acoustic events to discriminate them as compared to normal children. A secondary aim is to study the modulation spectra of children with language disorders and see how these are different from normal children. I hope to address these different issues in my study and in the process also obtain some clues on early detection of this impairment CContact Info For Dr. Nandini Singh: National Brain Research Centre DEEMED UNIVERSITY (An Autonomous Institute of the Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India) NH-8,Manesar, Gurgaon Dist. Haryana (INDIA) Ph:- 91+124+2338922 - 26br /> Fax:- 91+124+2338928 E-ME-Mail: nandini@nbrc.ac.in ......NOW READ ABOUT.... Neuroinformatics in India Current Status and Future Directions r /> BY: Nandini Chatterjee Singh presented at Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics ICCN 2007 Cognitive Neurodynamics. ICCN 2007 Proceedings with Rubin Wang, Enhua Shen and Fanji Gu Abstract of the presentation Neuro-Informatics and computational neuroscience research in India has followed two directions – on the one hand research has focused on the use of computational approaches to understand neural processing. On the other hand research has been directed towards developing new tools that would benefit clinical research. In this paper we describe research initiatives undertaken in both areas and also discuss some new programs that been initiated at the recently commissioned National Facility for Functional Brain Imaging at the National Brain Research Centre. 2) National Brain Research Centre, NH-8, Nainwal Mode, Manesar, Haryana, 122 050 India   ........an extract from the presentation....... .........HOW DOES YOUR BRAIN READS WHAT YOU READ...... .....CLICK //images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://pagesperso-orange.fr/readinginthebrain/img/CoverReadingInTheBrain.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pagesperso-orange.fr/readinginthebrain/figures.htm&usg=__ADXCemN27cMN-bPscHEko_6LUeE=&h=694&w=460&sz=35&hl=en&start=28&tbnid=XRqupEowPjqGtM:&tbnh=139&tbnw=92&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreading%2Bareas%2Bof%2Bbrain%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20"> HERE TO LEARN HOW BRAIN READS WHAT YOU WISH TO READ.... .......and now learn about h.......and now learn about how and why of Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work : #FF0000">remains a mystery.....  Brain From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia From Wikipedia, free encyclopedia The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. Brains can be extremely complex. The cerebral cortex of the human brain contains roughly 15–33 billion neurons depending on gender and age,[2] linked with up to 10,000 synaptic connections each. Each cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly one billion synapses.[3] These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body and target them to specific recipient cells. The brain controls the other organ systems of the body, either by activating muscles or by causing secretion of chemicals such as hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated responses to changes in the environment. Some basic types of responsiveness are possible without a brain: even single-celled organisms may be capable of extracting information from the environment and acting in response to it.[4] Sponges, which lack a central nervous system, are capable of coordinated body contractions and even locomotion.[5] In vertebrates, the spinal cord by itself contains neural circuitry capable of generating reflex responses as well as simple motor patterns such as swimming or walking.[6] However, sophisticated control of behavior on the basis of complex sensory input requires the information-integrating capabilities of a centralized brain. Despite rapid scientific progress, much about how brains work remains a mystery. The operations of individual neurons and synapses are now understood in considerable detail, but the way they cooperate in ensembles of thousands or millions has been very difficult to decipher. Methods of observation such as EEG recording and functional brain imaging tell us that brain operations are highly organized, but these methods do not have the resolution to reveal the activity of individual neurons.[7] Contents [hide] 1 Macroscopic structure 1.1 Bilateria 1.2 Invertebrates 1.3 Vertebrates 1.3.1 Vertebrate brain regions 1.4 Mammals 1.5 Primates, including humans 2 Microscopic structure 3 Development 4 Functions 4.1 Neurotransmitter systems 4.2 Sensory systems 4.3 Motor system 4.4 Arousal system 4.5 Brain energy consumption 5 Brain and mind 6 How it is studied 6.1 Neuroanatomy 6.2 Electrophysiology 6.3 Lesion studies 6.4 Computation 6.5 Genetics 7 History of its study 8 See also 9 Notes 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links Please click here to keep on reading to get a very comprehensive overview of BRAIN to understand how vital Dr. Nandini Singh's research news of today is so vital to humanity......

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